Building Successful Leadership on the Foundation of Effective Followership

Many people often see leadership as the key to success in any organization, but what if something less obvious holds the secret to great leadership? While we tend to focus on what makes someone a prominent leader, we sometimes overlook the importance of followership—how individuals follow, support, and contribute to a leader’s vision. In reality, great leaders are often shaped by great followers, and understanding this dynamic can be the foundation for achieving success. Whether you’re a leader or a follower, or likely a bit of both, mastering the art of followership is critical for moving any team or organization forward. Let’s explore how effective followership plays a crucial role in the development of successful leadership.

Introduction to Followership

Followership is an often overlooked but essential component of leadership. It focuses on the relationship between leaders and their followers, aiming to understand who these followers are and how best to lead them. In the study of followership, the goal is not only to analyze the behavior and needs of followers, but also to encourage leaders to become better followers themselves.

All leaders, regardless of their position, have been followers at different points in their careers. By understanding the needs, behaviors, and motivations of their followers, leaders can build stronger, more cohesive teams. The role a leader plays in understanding and engaging with their followers is crucial for fostering a productive and harmonious work environment. Followership helps leaders reflect on their own journey, fostering empathy, awareness, and the realization that a successful organization is a two-way relationship between leader and follower.

Influential leaders focus on helping their followers grow. When leaders empower their followers, the followers take initiative, assume responsibility, and contribute meaningfully to the organization’s goals. This symbiotic relationship ensures that the leader and their team move in the same direction, building trust, loyalty, and efficiency.

Understanding the Leader-Follower Relationship

The leader-follower relationship is a cornerstone of effective leadership. This dynamic and reciprocal relationship is where leaders and followers continuously influence each other. Leaders lead by example, setting the tone and direction, while followers respond to and shape the leadership style through their actions and feedback. Understanding this relationship is essential for leaders to develop effective leadership skills and for followers to become good followers.

In a leader-follower relationship, leaders play a significant role in shaping the behavior and attitudes of their followers. Leaders who demonstrate good leadership skills, such as empathy, communication, and critical thinking, can inspire their followers to become more engaged and motivated. For instance, a leader who listens actively and communicates clearly can foster a sense of trust and loyalty among their team. On the other hand, followers who possess good followership skills, such as self-awareness, technical proficiency, and compliance with orders, can support their leaders in achieving organizational goals.

The leader-follower relationship is not a one-way street. Followers can also influence their leaders by providing feedback, suggestions, and ideas. Effective followers help leaders identify blind spots, challenge assumptions, and make informed decisions. In return, leaders can empower their followers by delegating tasks, providing autonomy, and recognizing their contributions. This mutual influence creates a robust and dynamic environment where both leaders and followers thrive.

Followership Development and Skills

The development of followership skills is a key factor in organizational success. Effective followership goes beyond passive compliance; it requires initiative, decision-making, and a set of core competencies that strengthen the organization as a whole. Skills such as communication, adaptability, critical thinking, and time management, are essential for followers to contribute effectively.

Followers who master these skills allow leaders to focus on broader strategic goals, reducing the need for micro-management. By developing followership, organizations create an environment where followers can be proactive, seek solutions independently, and ultimately enhance team performance. Strong followers ensure smoother operations and pave the way for effective leadership.

Models of Followership

Various models of followership provide frameworks for understanding the different types of followers and how they contribute to leadership. A good follower demonstrates essential traits and qualities such as judgment, work ethic, competence, and loyalty, which are crucial for effective followership. One notable model is Robert E. Kelley’s, which identifies five distinct followership styles: exemplary, alienated, passive, conformist, and pragmatist. Here’s a breakdown of each style:

1. Exemplary Followers (Star Followers)

   Exemplary followers are engaged, independent thinkers who are both critical and proactive. They don’t just carry out instructions, but take the initiative to add value, often acting as leaders in their own right when needed. They actively contribute ideas, make decisions, and look for ways to improve the organization. These followers are considered “stars” because they consistently support the leader’s vision while also providing honest, constructive feedback. Leaders benefit greatly from these followers, as they often challenge assumptions and drive positive change.

2. Alienated Followers

   Alienated followers are highly capable critical thinkers, but they are often disengaged or have a negative attitude toward the organization or their leaders. They can think independently but tend to withdraw, usually because they feel unappreciated or have lost trust in leadership. These followers can be vocal critics, but their negativity often stems from unmet expectations or a misalignment of values with leadership. Leaders can try to re-engage these followers by addressing their concerns and finding ways to align their skills and perspectives with the organization’s goals.

3. Passive Followers (Sheep)

   Passive followers, or “sheep,” are characterized by a lack of initiative and a tendency to wait for direction rather than think or act independently. They follow instructions without question and rely heavily on the leader for guidance and decision-making. This style of followership often requires a more directive leadership approach, as these followers need continuous guidance to perform their tasks. However, with proper mentorship and encouragement, they may become more active contributors. Leaders should strive to understand any reasons behind a passive approach, as it may stem from a lack of confidence or unclear expectations.

4. Conformist Followers (Yes People)

   Conformist followers, often known as “yes people,” are actively engaged but tend to be uncritical thinkers. They are loyal and supportive, quick to take action, and eager to please their leaders. However, they rarely question decisions or offer their own perspectives, often deferring entirely to the leader’s judgment. While they help maintain harmony, conformists can inadvertently allow poor decisions to go unchallenged. Leaders should encourage these followers to speak up, ask questions, and develop their critical thinking skills, as they have the potential to become more balanced, contributing members of the team.

5. Pragmatic Followers (Survivors)

   Pragmatic followers, or “survivors,” exhibit a blend of all the other followership styles, depending on what they perceive as most advantageous in a given situation. They take a middle-ground approach, contributing moderately without fully committing or disengaging. Pragmatic followers are adaptable and prioritize job security over risk-taking, making them reliable but sometimes inconsistent in their level of engagement. Leaders can work to boost these followers’ commitment by fostering a sense of purpose and aligning their goals with the organization’s mission, as these followers are often more receptive to supportive leadership.

Another model is Hurwitz and Hurwitz’s followership framework, which outlines five critical skills for good followership: acceptance, loyalty, responsibility, adaptability, and initiative.

1. Acceptance

   Acceptance involves followers’ willingness to embrace their roles within the team or organization, along with a readiness to support their leaders. Followers who demonstrate acceptance understand that their roles contribute meaningfully to the larger mission. They show a healthy respect for authority while being open to guidance and learning. Leaders benefit from fostering a culture where followers feel valued and accepted as it increases motivation and morale.

2. Loyalty

   Loyalty is the commitment followers show toward their leaders, colleagues, and the organization. Loyal followers provide consistent support, even during challenging times, and build strong bonds of trust. Loyalty doesn’t mean blind obedience; rather, it reflects a shared commitment to collective success. Leaders can cultivate loyalty by recognizing contributions, showing appreciation, and creating a work environment that prioritizes mutual respect and integrity.

3. Responsibility

   Responsibility is a key followership skill, as it involves accountability and the willingness to meet high standards in one’s work. Followers with a strong sense of responsibility understand their tasks, goals, and the expectations placed on them, and they take ownership of their contributions. They are self-motivated, reliable, and do not need constant supervision to perform well. By promoting a sense of responsibility, leaders empower followers to take initiative and contribute confidently to the organization’s goals.

4. Adaptability

   Adaptability is the ability of followers to adjust to new situations, changes in leadership, and shifts in organizational priorities. Followers who are adaptable embrace change and bring flexibility to their roles, often finding creative solutions to challenges. They contribute positively to organizational resilience by staying calm and responsive during transitions or crises. Leaders can support adaptability by fostering a culture that views change as an opportunity for growth, encouraging followers to develop new skills and perspectives.

5. Initiative

   Initiative in followership means going beyond assigned tasks to take proactive steps toward improvement. Followers who show initiative look for ways to make their team or organization better without waiting for direction. They bring fresh ideas, solve problems independently, and support innovation within the organization. Leaders benefit from cultivating initiative by encouraging open communication, recognizing effort, and rewarding proactive behavior, which ultimately strengthens the organization’s ability to thrive in a competitive environment.

Both Kelley’s and the Hurwitzs’ models offer valuable insights into understanding the diversity of followers within any organization. While Kelley’s model provides clarity on different followership styles and how they influence leadership, Hurwitz and Hurwitz’s model emphasizes the essential skills followers should cultivate. Overall, both models highlight that followership is not monolithic; different types of followers require different forms of leadership. By understanding these models, leaders can tailor their approaches to better suit the needs of their teams and develop their followers into stronger, more capable contributors.

Effective and Courageous Followers

Effective and courageous followers are critical to organizational health and success. These followers not only fulfill their roles, but are also willing to challenge their leaders when necessary, particularly in situations that could lead to unethical decisions or negative outcomes. Courageous followers maintain a balance between supporting their leaders and questioning decisions that may be detrimental to the organization. Understanding how great followers cultivate genuine relationships by validating the values of their followers is essential for fostering trust and guiding teams toward shared goals.

Courageous followers play a key role in promoting transparency and integrity within an organization. They build strong relationships with their leaders, understand their values and goals, and are unafraid to provide constructive feedback. Their ability to communicate openly and advocate for the greater good makes them indispensable members of any team.

Effective Followership in Practice

Effective followership is not just about following orders; it’s about taking initiative, being proactive, and contributing to the organization’s success. Good followers are critical thinkers who can analyze situations, identify problems, and propose solutions. They are also courageous followers who can speak up when necessary, challenge assumptions, and provide feedback.

In practice, effective followership involves several key skills, including:

• Critical thinking: Good followers can analyze situations, identify problems, and propose solutions. For example, an exemplary follower might notice inefficiencies in a process and suggest improvements, thereby enhancing productivity.

• Communication: Effective followers can communicate clearly and concisely, providing feedback and suggestions to their leaders. Open and honest communication helps in building trust and ensures that everyone is on the same page.

• Self-awareness: Good followers have a high degree of self-awareness, understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and motivations. This self-awareness allows them to contribute effectively and seek opportunities for growth.

• Technical proficiency: Effective followers possess the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their tasks and contribute to the organization’s success. Their expertise ensures that they can execute their responsibilities efficiently and support the team’s objectives.

• Compliance with orders: Good followers can follow instructions and comply with organizational policies and procedures. This compliance ensures that the team operates smoothly and adheres to established standards.

By mastering these skills, followers not only support their leaders but also drive the organization towards its goals, creating a collaborative and productive work environment.

The Importance of Followership in Different Contexts

Followership takes on unique importance across various sectors, including the military, education, and business. In the military, for instance, followership is crucial for mission success. Military personnel receive training to follow orders precisely, but they are also expected to take initiative and make critical decisions when needed. Effective followership in this context helps prevent errors and accidents, ensuring both safety and success.

In education, followership is equally important. Teachers must follow school leadership while also leading their classrooms. Understanding followership allows educators to create positive learning environments where both students and staff can thrive. In business, followership helps companies achieve their goals by fostering collaboration, reducing turnover, and promoting a positive organizational culture. Across all industries, followership is a key driver of success.

Leadership Skills for Effective Leadership

Effective leadership requires a range of skills that enable leaders to inspire, motivate, and guide their followers. These skills include:

• Communication: Good leaders can communicate clearly and concisely, inspiring and motivating their followers. Effective communication ensures that everyone understands the vision and goals, fostering a sense of purpose and direction.

• Critical thinking: Effective leaders can analyze situations, identify problems, and propose solutions. This skill allows leaders to make informed decisions and navigate complex challenges.

• Empathy: Good leaders can understand and appreciate the perspectives and feelings of their followers. Empathy helps in building strong relationships and creating a supportive work environment.

• Self-awareness: Effective leaders have a high degree of self-awareness, understanding their strengths, weaknesses, and motivations. This self-awareness enables leaders to lead authentically and make decisions that align with their values.

• Courage: Good leaders can take risks, challenge assumptions, and make tough decisions. Courageous leadership inspires confidence and encourages followers to step out of their comfort zones.

Leaders who possess these skills can create a positive and productive work environment, inspiring their followers to become more engaged and motivated. They can also empower their followers by delegating tasks, providing autonomy, and recognizing their contributions, thereby fostering a culture of trust and collaboration.

Overcoming Barriers to Effective Followership

While followership is vital, there are several barriers that can hinder its development. These include a lack of training, underdevelopment of necessary skills, and organizational cultures that fail to recognize the importance of good followership. Leaders can help overcome these barriers by providing ample training and development opportunities for their teams. To create leaders people want to follow, it is crucial to nurture leadership qualities that resonate with followers.

Organizations should foster environments that reward initiative, communication, and loyalty. By promoting a culture that values followership, leaders can create spaces where followers feel encouraged to contribute ideas, challenge the status quo, and drive positive change. Good followers, in turn, will help address challenges by stepping up when needed and supporting their leaders in overcoming obstacles.

Creating a Culture of Followership

Creating a culture of followership requires a deliberate and intentional approach. Leaders can start by modeling good followership skills themselves, demonstrating a willingness to listen, learn, and adapt. They can also empower their followers by delegating tasks, providing autonomy, and recognizing their contributions.

Organizations can also create a culture of followership by:

• Providing training and development opportunities: Offering programs that help followers develop their skills and knowledge ensures that they are well-equipped to contribute effectively.

• Encouraging open communication and feedback: Creating a safe and supportive environment where followers feel comfortable speaking up fosters transparency and trust.

• Recognizing and rewarding good followership: Celebrating the contributions and achievements of followers reinforces the value of followership and motivates others to follow suit.

• Fostering a sense of community and teamwork: Encouraging followers to work together to achieve common goals builds a strong, cohesive team that is aligned with the organization’s mission.

By creating a culture of followership, organizations can tap into the collective wisdom and creativity of their followers, driving innovation, productivity, and success. This culture not only supports the development of effective followers but also lays the foundation for future leaders, ensuring the organization’s long-term growth and sustainability.

The Future of Followership Research

Followership research is still evolving and holds immense potential for enhancing leadership theory. Robert Kelley has proposed seven key areas for further research, including how susceptibility to extremism and conformity can impact followership. Further study of these areas will help organizations understand how followers influence both organizational success and failure.

New research could explore the use of assessments to help individuals better understand their tendencies as followers, improving their contributions to the organization. As followership research expands, it may lead to a deeper understanding of how followers shape leaders, contribute to organizational culture, and play a vital role in achieving collective goals.

Conclusion

In the end, great leadership and great followership go hand in hand. Leaders aren’t just there to give orders—they need to understand and develop the people they lead. At the same time, effective followers play a huge role in driving an organization forward. By fostering a culture where followership is valued, teams can become more adaptable, innovative, and collaborative. It’s all about balance: when leaders invest in their followers and followers take initiative, everyone wins. Recognizing the importance of followership is key to building a positive culture and reaching your goals, no matter the organization.